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Tax Deducted At Source: Meaning, Returns, Filing And Due Dates

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    What is TDS?

    TDS is deducted from different types of payment that is made to an individual, whether it is salary, rent, any type of fees, commission, interest, etc. The payer deducts the TDS while making the payment. There are different income tax slabs and accordingly, the TDS is deducted during the time of payment.

    Types of TDS

    Listed below are some of the sources of income that qualify for TDS, full form Tax Deducted at Source:

    • Receiving accumulated taxable part of PF
    • Interest received on securities
    • Dividends received on the company's shares and on mutual funds
    • Interest other than interest on securities (fixed deposit interest)
    • Winnings from crosswords, lotteries or any game
    • Winnings from horse races
    • Payment of contractors and sub-contractors
    • Payments on account of the repurchase of units by mutual funds or UTI
    • Payment in respect of deposits under the National Savings Scheme
    • Life insurance policies not exempt under Section 10(10D)**
    • Insurance commission received by an individual
    • Commission, prize etc., on sale of lottery tickets
    • The commission received except for Insurance Commission
    • Payment is done while purchasing property or land
    • Rent payment by HUF or individual exceeding ₹50,000 per month
    • Cash withdrawal
    • Payment of professional fees, etc.
    • Rent for machinery and plant
    • Rent for a property that is immovable

    TDS Rates

    Section Deductee* Nature of transaction Threshold Limit (Rs) TDS Rate
    192 R, NR Payment of salary Basic exemption limit of employee Normal Slab Rates
    192A R, NR Premature withdrawal from EPF 50,000 10%

    Budget 2023: TDS rate for EPF withdrawals without a PAN number is now 20%, from the previous maximum marginal rate
    193 R Interest on securities Debentures- 5,000

    8% Savings (Taxable) Bonds 2003 or 7.75% Savings (Taxable) Bonds 2018- 10,000

    Other securities- No limit
    10% Budget 2023: Exemption of TDS on interest from listed debentures has been removed. Therefore, tax has to be deducted on interest on such specified securities.
    194 R Payment of any dividend 5,000 10%
    194A R Interest from other than interest from securities (from deposits with banks/post office/co-operative society) Senior Citizens- 50,000

    Others- 40,000
    10%
    194A R Interest from other than interest on securities u/s 193 and interest from banks/post office/co-operative society.

    For e.g., interest from friends and relatives
    5,000 10%
    194B R, NR, FC Income from lottery winnings, card games, crossword puzzles, and other games of any type Aggregate income from lottery winnings, card games, crossword puzzles etc- 10,000

    Online Gamine- Refer 194BA
    30%
    194BA R, NR, FC Income from online games Nil 30%
    194BB R, NR, FC Income from horse race winnings 10,000 Aggregate winnings during a financial year not single transaction 30%

    TDS calculation formula as per new tax regime

    As discussed, typically it is the employer who deducts the TDS from the salary of the employee

    • Formula
      A general formula to calculate TDS is as follows –
      Average Income Tax Rate = Income Tax Payable (computed through slab rates) / Estimated income for the financial year

    • Description
      The monthly income of an individual is liable for TDS as per the latest income tax slab. 4% cess is added to the monthly income. Hence the total taxable income + cess is liable for the TDS. For instance, if the income is above Rs. 12 Lakh per year, the chargeable TDS will be 20%. Let's understand it with the help of an example.

    • Example
      Assume your monthly gross income is Rs.1,00,000 which comprises - basic pay of Rs. 50,000, HRA of Rs. 30,000, a travel allowance of Rs. 800, medical allowance of Rs.1,250, Children Education Allowance (CEA) of Rs.200 and other allowances totalling 17,750.

      If you stay at your own home, then your monthly exemption from allowances will be Rs.2,250 (800+1250+200). Therefore, your yearly taxable amount comes to (Rs.1,00,000 - Rs.2,250)*12, which totals Rs.11,73,000.

      Now, let's assume that you received an income of Rs.1 lakh as house rent for your other property over the year. Adding this amount to the taxable income, your taxable income becomes Rs.12,73,000.

      Suppose you have invested Rs.1.5 lakhs in various categories that are exempted under Section 80C. So, the resulting Rs.1.5 lakhs are exempted from taxes. Deducting this amount from the gross taxable income calculated above, your taxable income becomes Rs.11,23,000.

      Therefore, the final TDS to be deducted from your yearly income is Rs.25,000 (2.5L – 5L at 10%) + Rs.1,00,000 (5,00,00 – 10,00,000 at 20%) + 36,900 (11,23,000 – 10,00,000 at 30%) which comes to Rs. 1,61,900 for current year's income, or Rs. 13,492 per month.

    How Interest is Calculated for Late TDS Payment?

    TDS payment can be done even if the deadline has crossed. However, interest is charged on the late payment of the TDS. From the date the TDS was deducted to the date of deposit, the interest on late payment is calculated at 1.5% interest per month.

    For instance, if the TDS amount is ₹ 8,000 and deduction is 15th March 2021 and the payment for this on 20th November 2021, then the interest will be calculated as follows –
    8000 x 1.5% x 8 months
    = 120 x 8
    = ₹960

    The interest amount that is payable should always be from the date at which TDS was deducted to the date at which TDS is paid to the Government.

    Example, if the TDS payment is 10th May for a TDS amount deducted on 17th April, and if the TDS payment is delayed, then the interest will be calculated from 17th April and not 10th May. In this case, the interest will calculated using calendar months and in this case it will be considered as 2 months. So, the interest payable is 1.5% x 2 = 3%, and so on.

    How can you save on taxes?

    • Leave Travel Allowance
      If you don't already have a travelling allowance from your employer, you can request your employer to include funding in your salary breakup. So, you can claim a tax deduction on your travelling expenses.

    • Mediclaim Premium
      Suppose you have a mediclaim and want an exemption on tax. In that case, you can request your insurance policy provider to provide you with an 80D certificate. You need to submit bank statements to prove that you spend some of your income on mediclaim premiums.

    • House Rent Allowance
      To get a tax exemption through this allowance, you will need to present your name, address, landlord's name and PAN number. If the landlord does not have a PAN card, you must present Form 60. Keep in mind that the HRA cannot be more than 50% of your basic salary.

    • Residential Loan Interest
      If you have a home loan, you can save tax on the interest you pay on the payment. You would have to submit your name, address, PAN of the loan lender and a certificate or bank proof stating that you pay the premiums.

    • Food Coupons
      If your employer does not provide you with a food allowance, you can ask them for it. A food coupon can give you 50 rupees for a meal. If you work for 25 days in a month, you can get tax benefit4 up to INR 2,500 for meals. You can also save tax on this expense.

    • Tuition Fees
      If you have children in school, you can save some tax on their education expenses. However, you will have to produce a fee receipt from the school with a valid school stamp.

    • Donations
      If you have donated a certain amount to a trusted organisation, temple, or prim minister relief funds. You can exempt your taxes on that money too. However, you would have to submit your name, address, organisation's PAN, and registration number.

    • National Pension System (NPS)
      National Pension System is a government investment scheme for the elderly. You won't have to pay taxes on the premiums. Plus, when you retire, you will receive the plan's returns.

    • Section 80C Benefits
      There are many tax savings and investment schemes introduced by the Indian government. Examples of such schemes are National Pension Plan, Public Provident Fund, Sukanya Samridhi Yojana, etc.

    How and when to file TDS returns?

    TDS or Tax Deduced at Source is the tool that government uses to collect taxes from the citizens. This tool also prevents tax leakage. The deductor must submit the TDS returns every three months to the government. If the deductor fails to do so before the due date, there are subject to a penalty for late payment. In keeping with advancements in technology, the government now offers an online facility to file TDS. You simply need to submit the required forms online.

    Let's see how can one file for TDS returns online:

    • Fill in the form 27A, and accurately enter the information in every column.

    • Now you will have to enter the tax that was deducted at the source along with the total amount.

    • Enter the correct TAN of the organisation in the form.

    • You would also have to provide the tax details, challan number, and payment mode. Ensure you enter the correct challan number; an incorrect challan number may lead to rejection of the form.

    • If all the information you have entered is correct, you will receive confirmation and receipt. This means you have filed your TDS return successfully.

    • If in case your application is rejected, you will receive a rejection memo with a reason for rejection. You will have to resubmit the submission with the correct information for filing the TDS return.

    Eligibility Criteria

    An organisation or employer with a registered TAN number can file a TDS return. Under the Income Tax Act, any employer who makes payment to its employees should deduct the TDS at the time of payment. All the TDS filings should be done before the due date.

    Forms Required

    • Form 24Q
      According to section 192 of income tax, an employer must deduct the TDS from its employee's salary at the time of payment. And it is mandatory for the employer to file the TDS return quarterly. In form 24Q the employer needs to fill in the correct information about the tax details, the total amount paid by the employee and the mode of payment used.

    • Form 26Q
      26Q is used to deduct taxes on payments other than the salary of the employee. The TDS deducted and the total amount paid should be included on the form. A 26 Q must also be filed every three months.

    • Form 27Q
      For foreigners and NRIs form 27Q is used for deduction of the TDS. The form should be filed quarterly a year and before the due date. The information on the form must include the payment details like total amount paid, tax deducted and mode of payment.

    • Form 27EQ
      Form 27EQ has every detail of the tax collected at the source. Filing the 27EQ quarterly is mandatory for both private and government organisations.
    Due dates
    • 1ˢᵗ Quarter: 31 July 2022

    • 2ⁿᵈ Quarter: 31 October 2022

    • 3ʳᵈ Quarter: 31 January 2023

    • 4ᵗʰ Quarter: 31 May 2023

    Important dates for TDS payment 2024

    A TDS Certificate has to be issued by the Deductor to the assessee. Let us take a look at some of the important dates for TDS payment 2024:

    Form Frequency Due Date
    Form 16 - TDS on Salary Payment Annual May 31
    Form 16 A - TDS on Non-Salary Payments Quarterly 15 days from the date of return filing
    Form 16 B - TDS on Property Sale Every transaction 15 days from the date of return filing
    Form 16 C- TDS on Rent Every transaction 15 days from the date of return filing

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